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青玉交龙纽“古稀天子之宝”
Category:
Imperial Seals and Albums
Period:
Qing dynasty
  “古稀天子之宝”,清乾隆,碧玉质,交龙纽方形玺,汉文篆书。面12.9cm见方,通高10.8cm,纽高5.2cm。
  宝四周阴刻填金乾隆帝御制《古稀说》。此玺制于乾隆四十五年(1780),是年乾隆七十万寿。稽诸史籍,“自三代以下帝王年逾七十者:汉武帝、梁高祖、唐明皇、宋高宗、元世祖、明太祖凡六帝” 。但在乾隆帝看来,其中前面四君均是不足为法的,余下的元世祖忽必烈和明太祖朱元璋虽为创业之君,于国于身皆有建树,但仍不乏“礼乐政刑有未遑焉”的遗憾,而把他自己看成是千古之中唯一年登古稀的英明君主。于是,便镌刻了“古稀天子之宝”以纪念之,并作《古稀说》云:“余以今年登七袠,因用杜甫句刻‘古稀天子之宝’,其次章即继之曰‘犹日孜孜’,盖予宿志有年,至八旬有六即归政而颐志于宁寿宫。其未归政以前,不敢弛乾惕。犹日孜孜,所以答天庥而励己躬也。”此时的乾隆帝还相当明智,虽自负但不自满。“夫由斯不自满,歉然若有所不足之意充之。以是为敬天之本,必益凛且明,勿敢或逾也。以是为法祖之规,必思继前烈,而慎聪听也。”他要做到“励慎终如始之志,以竭力敬天法祖,勤政爱民”,这才把“犹日孜孜”作为“古稀天子之宝”的副章相配使用。透过这方“古稀天子之宝”及其产生的背景,恰好反映出乾隆帝那种壮志未泯,雄心未已,励精图治而且是相当自负的精神状态。
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