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陶彩绘十二辰兔俑
Category:
Sculpture
Period:
Tang dynasty
  陶画彩十二生肖——龙,唐,高24cm,宽6.5cm。
  十二生肖系指鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪十二属相。湖北云梦睡虎地出土的、成书于秦始皇称帝前的《日书》竹简,为目前所知最早的十二生肖文献记载,只不过其与后来通行的并不完全一致。东汉时期,伴随阴阳五行学说的盛行,人们逐渐开始用十二生肖来代表古代历法上的十二地支,组合成子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪,既表示干支纪年,又说明某一年份的属相。北齐太原娄睿墓墓室壁画,四象与十二时、仙人等一同出现。隋唐时期的十二生肖,大体分成3种:一是兽面人身,身穿长袍,双手下垂或执笏板相交于胸前,所穿衣服与文官俑相同,头则雕塑成12种动物;二是人形,或立或坐,头戴笼冠,宽袖长袍,怀中抱着生肖;三是动物。河南偃师李嗣本和李景由墓志盝顶及洛阳安菩夫妇墓棺床包边石条上的十二生肖,皆为动物原形,刻画简洁,生动有趣。这类装饰题材,在隋唐石刻墓志中最为常见。唐朝典章,九品至一品死后都可以随葬十二生肖,起镇墓作用。其排列一般以子鼠居北,自北向东转向南再折向西,鼠马成子午(南北)线。此为红陶胎,外施白粉,龙首人身,身著广袖长袍,拱手而立,足下有方形托板。
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